The Building Blocks of IOT

 

The Building Blocks of IOT


The internet of things is a fairly recent term that best describes the interconnection of electronic devices from light bulbs to cars, via a network  such as the internet.  IoT devices are designed to share data across a network, whether it is receiving data from sensors or sending control signals, IoT is a technology that improves the efficiency and user experience of end devices. IoT is made up of several building blocks which include sensors, networking technologies, cloud computing, big data, and security protocols.


Sensors


IoT sensors are used to capture real world parameters such as temperature and humidity. These sensors then relay the continuous data to an edge computing device that can store or process the data before sending it to the cloud.


Networking Technologies


The compute module attached to a sensor or output device will have a networking interface unit such as a WiFi or Ethernet module and will connect the device to a local network or even the internet. Common technologies used are open source devices such as a raspberry pi and an Esp32.


Cloud Computing


Once the data has traveled from the end device via a network, it will be received on a sever that will process the data further and send it to an output device such as a dashboard. This data can also trigger output devices at preset thresholds. An example of this is a fan that would be triggered to turn on if the temperature in a room had reached an x value.


Big Data


Depending on the size and use case of the real world data, cases such as computer vision or natural language processing heavily rely on Deep Learning modules to understand and process this information. This data is almost always processed in the cloud.



Security Protocols


Because of the amount of nodes involved in an IoT system, it requires strict security protocols to ensure data validity and integrity and privacy.

Conclusion

 

Today we see many companies use technologies like Amazon's Alexa, and Apple's Siri to access and control their IoT devices. These devices will soon be everywhere and will provide a lot of opportunities for developers & engineers to innovate in this field.




References


- https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/internet-of-things

- https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/iot/

- https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9295169



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